解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) have central roles in the synthesis of collagens and the regulation of oxygen homeostasis. The 4-hydroxyproline residues generated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal collagen P4Hs (C-P4Hs) are essential for the stability of the collagen triple helix. Vertebrate C-P4Hs are alpha2beta...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890801986594
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Abnormal indices of angiogenesis have been reported in chronic heart failure (CHF). We tested the hypothesis that circulating angiogenin (a potent inducer of neovascularization in vivo) is higher in CHF patients compared with controls and associated with indices of CHF severity: brain natriuretic peptide (BN...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890802001419
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid prototyping (RP) is a common name for several techniques, which read in data from computer-aided design (CAD) drawings and manufacture automatically three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer according to the virtual design. The utilization of RP in tissue engineering enables the production of three-dimensional sc...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890701881788
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Different soluble molecules involved in inflammation, endothelial damage, or hemostasis are recognized as potential cardiovascular risk markers. Studies to assess the role of these markers in the atherosclerotic process by evaluating their relationship to carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) tend to provid...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890701645399
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obese youths may be susceptible to develop the metabolic syndrome (MS) later in life. AIM:To study childhood predictors of MS in adulthood. METHOD:Prospective cohort study including 2,195 subjects, aged 3-18 years at base-line in 1980, who were re-examined in 1983, 1986, and 2001. RESULTS:In adults (aged ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890802307709
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are recognized as conditions of growing biomedical importance to societies worldwide. Despite this, lack of understanding concerning the processes which normally serve to maintain weight and to regulate glucose concentrations, and ignorance about the mechanisms by which these homeosta...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890701670421
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AIMS:A mild increase in liver enzyme levels is sometimes observed in patients with diabetic ketosis or ketoacidosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the cause and prevalence of the elevation of liver transaminase levels in fulminant and acute-onset type 1 diabetic patients experiencing diabetic ke...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890802032711
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells with stem cell-like attributes, such as self-renewal and pluripotency, have been isolated from hematological malignancies and from several solid tumor types. Tumor-initiating cells, also referred to as cancer stem cells, are thought to be responsible for the initiation and growth of tumors. Like their normal cou...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890802021342
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human anxiety disorders represent one of the most common mental illnesses. They are complex diseases with both genetic and environmental factors affecting their predisposition. Since the basic neuronal mechanisms are shared across mammalian species, the same set of genes may regulate critical aspects of anxiety in hum...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890701747096
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex disease in which the vasculopathy and the activation of the immune system with production of inflammatory mediators lead to dysregulated fibroblast activation. The resulting excessive deposition of collagens and other extracellular matrix proteins ends in fibrosis a...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890601098152
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the accuracy of multislice cardiac computed tomography (MSCT) for detection of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in middle-aged symptomatic women. METHODS:We included 70 women (51+/-8 years) with complaints of chest pain or dyspnea, and an abnormal maximum exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) (...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890701233832
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases has been increasing for the last four decades. In this review determinants for an increased IgE synthesis are discussed on both an epidemiological and on an immunological level with special emphasis on the differentiation of the B cell to an IgE-produ...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890701449354
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory diseases are on the rise in westernized countries, but also in urbanized areas of developing countries. A number of studies have now demonstrated a negative association between helminth infections and inflammatory diseases, such as allergy, suggesting a potential role for helminth-induced immune responses...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890701436765
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the circadian clock contributes to the pathogenesis of winter depression or seasonal affective disorder (SAD). We hypothesized that sequence variations in three genes, including Per2, Arntl, and Npas2, which form a functional unit at the core of the circadian clock, pr...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890701278795
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several clinical studies have suggested possible increase in cardiovascular risk during and in the first weeks after an acute inflammatory disease. Using influenza vaccine as inflammatory stimulus, we investigated whether arterial endothelial dysfunction could persist beyond the inflammatory state, and wheth...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890701390111
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leukotriene-forming enzymes are expressed within atherosclerotic lesions and locally produced leukotrienes exert pro-inflammatory actions within the vascular wall by means of cell surface receptors of the BLT and CysLT receptor subtypes. The migration and accumulation of inflammatory cells that follow leukotriene rece...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890600982737
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular circadian clock entrains biological rhythms to a 24-hour schedule. Aspects of cardiovascular physiology and, indeed, the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke are also subject to diurnal variation. The use of rodent models of disrupted clock function has begun to elucidate the role of the molecul...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890600995010
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolic syndrome, which is very common in the general population, is defined by the clustering of several classic cardiovascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Central obesity and insulin resistance, which are the two un...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890500401234
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:H+/K+-ATPase is the target autoantigen in autoimmune gastritis (AIG), an organ-specific autoimmune disease with a strong hereditary component. AIM:To detect possible polymorphisms in H+/K+-ATPase alpha- and beta-subunits in AIG patients. METHODS:Blood samples from 12 Finnish AIG patients were sequenced for...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890600673260
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:As the capability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to engraft, differentiate and improve myocardial function cannot be studied in humans, exploration was performed in a xenomodel. METHODS:The rats were divided into three groups depending on the type of rats used (Rowett nude (RNU) or Fischer rats +/- immunos...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/07853890500422982
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone fractures affecting elderly people are a true public health burden, because they represent one of the most important causes of long-standing pain, functional impairment, disability, and death among this population. Compromised bone strength (osteoporosis) and falling, alone, or more frequently in combination, are...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890510007197
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria provide cells with most of the energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondria are complex organelles encoded both by nuclear and mtDNA. Only a few mitochondrial components are encoded by mtDNA, most of the mt-proteins are nuclear DNA encoded. Remarkably, the majority of the known mutatio...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890510007188
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::About 40 years ago Friedenstein described stromal cells in the bone marrow that were spindle shaped and proliferate to form colonies. These cells attach to plastic and are able to differentiate under defined in vitro conditions into multiple cell types present in many different tissues, e.g. osteoblasts, chondroblasts...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890500371957
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep and wakefulness are complex behaviors that are influenced by many genetic and environmental factors, which are beginning to be discovered. The contribution of genetic components to sleep disorders is also increasingly recognized as important. Point mutations in the prion protein, period 2, and the prepro-hypocre...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890500372047
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in developed countries, is characterized by chronic inflammation in the artery wall. It has been appreciated for decades that this disease is linked to hypercholesterolemia and the accumulation of macrophages in the artery wall, yet the exact mechanisms underlying this infla...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890510007304
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin resistance in humans is not always accompanied by obesity, since severe insulin resistance also characterizes patients lacking subcutaneous fat such as those with HAART- (highly-active antiretroviral therapy)-associated lipodystrophy. Both obese and lipodystrophic patients, however, have an increase in the amo...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890510037383
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caveolae are vesicular organelles (50-100-nm in diameter) that are particularly abundant in cells of the cardiovascular system, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. In these cell types, caveolae function both in protein trafficking and signal transduction, as...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890410018899
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A long-term latent process often precedes the onset of arthritis. Hence, the ultimate causes of RA cannot be clarified by studying only the inflamed joints. Longitudinal studies focusing on risk factors are crucial in ap...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890410026025
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the vessel wall, characterized by the accumulation of leukocytes, especially macrophages and T-cells. Chemokines are small heparin-binding polypeptides, whose main function is to attract cells to the areas of developing inflammation. They function by ligating G-protein cou...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890310019961
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the approximately 7,000 cytogenetically abnormal childhood and adult B- and T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) published to date, numerous recurring chromosomal aberrations and abnormality patterns have been identified, and it has been clearly shown that the cytogenetic features often correlate closel...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890410018808
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk of cardiovascular disease is markedly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes with a prevalence twice as high compared to the background population. With the recognition of multiple concomitant risk factors for both microvascular as well as cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients, treatment stra...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890410033612
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to its varied and variable phenotypes, Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) holds a unique place in the field of channelopathies. Patients with ATS typically present with the triad of periodic paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias, and developmental dysmorphisms. Although penetrance of ATS is high, disease expression and severi...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17431380410032490
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in cardiac voltage-gated K+ channels cause long-QT syndrome (LQTS) and sudden death. We have created a mouse with a long-QT phenotype by overexpression of truncated K+ channels in the heart and have investigated the phenotype of these mice. These mice have long-QT phenotype, and spontaneous and inducible arr...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/17431380410032643
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in social interaction accompanied by a delay or lack of language, restricted interests, stereotyped behavior, and repetitive movement. Genetic predisposition to autism is evident from family and twin studies, and heritability in idiopathic aut...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890310005966
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular oxygen (O2)is a basic requirement for cellular growth and viability and many aspects of anatomy and physiology are dedicated to achieving reliable distribution. Recent work has identified a specific sensing and response system, centred around a transcription complex called Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1),...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/0785389031000458233
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the sequencing of the human genome has been completed, non-invasive imaging studies are needed to assess the function of new genes in living organisms. The evaluation of genetically manipulated animals or new designed biomolecules will require a thorough understanding of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890310006479
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcoholism is a complex disorder involving both genetic and environmental factors and interactions between them. Localizing and characterizing the genetic influences on susceptibility to alcohol dependence may provide new insights into pathology and new avenues for treatment and prevention. However, because of the com...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890310004903
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Geneticists have been predicting that advances in their discipline will revolutionize the understanding of human disease and behavior. While there has been considerable progress in disorders showing simple, Mendelian patterns of inheritance, expectations have yet to be fulfilled for disorders and traits showing comple...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890310010023
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and specific inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, are therapeutic groups widely used for the treatment of pain, inflammation and fever. There is growing experimental and clinical evidence indicating NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors also have anti-cancer activity. Epidemiologi...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890310017053
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adding to the difficulty of interpreting the human genome sequence and annotating protein sequence databases is the observation that a single protein can 'moonlight' or perform multiple, apparently unrelated, functions. This review summarizes examples of moonlighting proteins in cellular activities and biochemical pat...
journal_title:Annals of medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/07853890310004101
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00